Introduction:
initial study related to :
- benign senescent forgetfulness BSF - Karl
- age associated memory impairment- AAMI- Crook 1986
- ageing associated cognitive decline-
- complaint of memory problem
- normal ADL
- normal general cognitive function
- abnormal memory function for age and education (1- 2 SD)
Tools used
- Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)
- Cognitive Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS)
- Cambridge Mental disorder & Elderly Examination CAMDEX
- Comprehensive Assessment and referral Evaluation ( CARE)
Prevalence of MCI ( problem : different criteria use)
Incidence of MCI:
- increase with age
- higher in man
- > 65 y.o: 12-15 per 1000 - year
- >75 y.o: 54 per 1000-year
The course of MCI:
- rate conversion varies
- 10-15% MCI develops dementia/ year.
Predictors of conversion to AD
1) Using neuropsychological test:
- decline memory:
- verbal episodic memory:
- problem solving impairment
- judgement impairment
- language deficit
- reduced visuospatial abilities
2) Histology/ biological changes
- ApoE genotype
- atrophy of medial temporal lobes
- EEG changes
- olfactory deficit
3) Sociodemographic
- age & education but controversial
Implication
- To detect & treat early
- To prevent dementia
Suggestion
- longer duration study
- standardize definition
- standardize tools
Reference:
Bischkopf J, Busse Angermeyer MC. Mild Cognitive Impairment . A Review of prevalence, incidence and outcome according to current approaches: Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002: 106:403-414
